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Agricultural
Management
Practices Grade 10
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Course data
Welcome
Announcements
Foreword
Year plan
AMP Grade 10 Year plan
Week 1: Crop Production
Week 1 Lesson plan
Introduction
Production factors
Soil
Climate
Water
Labour
Capital
Management
Economic importance of crop production
Crop production provides food security
Crop production produces raw materials
Crop production provides job opportunities
Crop production contribute to the economic stability of the country
Main production areas in South-Africa and the potential role
Agroclimatic regions
Types of crops produced in South Africa
Types of crops
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 2: Crop production - Farming systems and Classification of crops
Week 2 Lesson plan
Intoduction
Farming systems based on output
Subsistence farming
Cash farming
Commercial farming
Comparison between commercial farming and subsistence farming
Seed producers
Farming systems based on Input
Labour intensive farming
Capital intensive farming
Farming systems based on Soil usage
Extensive farming
Semi-intensive farming
Intensive farming
Comparison between intensive and extensive farming methods
Farming systems based on Components
Crop farming
Livestock (animal) farming
Mixed farming
Specialised farming
Farming systems based on Technology and Energy
Hand driven
Animal driven (animal traction)
Mechanisation
Classification of Agricultural Crops according to product
Horticultural Crops
Field crops
Pasture / Fodder Crops (cultivated pastures)
Cultivars
Cultivars
Different kinds of cultivars:
Selecting cultivars
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 3: Soil and Water Management in Crop Production
Week 3 Lesson plan
Introduction
General climatic requirements
Radiation (sunlight)
Temperature
Air
Water
Humidity
Collecting weather data
Collecting weather data
Temperature
Rainfall
Wind
Evaporation
Humidity
In summary
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 4: Soil and Water management in Crop Production
Week 4 Lesson plan
Introduction
The important characteristics that have an influence on successful crop establishment
Soil depth
Soil structure and improvement
Factors that lead to the destruction of soil structure includes
Improving soil structure
The different soil structures and its influence on plant growth
Crumb structure
Blocky structure and Massive structure
Prismatic structure
Soil texture
Soil texture
The influence of soil texture on plant growth (crop production)
Soil water capacity
Soil water capacity
Soil organic matter
Soil organic matter
Soil aeration
Soil aeration
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 5: Soil cultivation, irrigation and drainage
Week 5: Lesson plan
Introduction
Soil cultivation
Soil cultivation
The main reasons or objectives for soil cultivation
Seedbed preparation and tillage methods
No-till
No-till defined
Types of No-till
Advantages and Disadvantages of Tillage Systems
Conventional tillage
Mulch tillage
No-tillage / ridge Tillage
Ploughs
Mouldboard Plough
Disc Plough
Ripper
Cultivators
Zig Zag Spike Harrow
Spring Tine Harrow
Two Way Disc Harrow
Rolling Spike Harrow
Roller
Tractor-powered
Planter
Fertiliser distributor
Irrigation
Introduction
Choosing an irrigation system
Water
Soil
Topography
Climate
Energy costs
Type of crop
Labour
Capital cost
Personal considerations
Methods of irrigation
Surface irrigation
Furrow irrigation:
Flood irrigation:
Permanent system (Sprinkler system)
Macro irrigation
Permanent sprayers:
Drag-line System:
Center Pivot System:
Overhead System:
Micro irrigation
Micro-Spray System:
Drip System:
Bottle irrigation
Drainage
Introduction
Reason (aim) of a drainage system
Soil drainage system
Open furrow soil drainage system (Surface draining)
Pipe soil drainage system (Subsurface drainage)
When planning a drainage system, the farmer should keep the following in mind:
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 6 : Soil and Water Management in Crop Animal Production
Week 6: Lesson plan
Introduction
Waste management
The positive effects of farm manure on soil
Different animals contribute differently to natural equilibrium
Rabbits
Ducks and geese
Chickens
Pigs
Goats
Relationships
Examples of beneficial relationships
Examples of non-beneficial relationships
Land care and use
Introduction
Vegetation of South Africa
Vegetation of South Africa
The different veld types of South Africa
The different veld types of South Africa and Grazing Ecology
Characteristics of Sweetveld
Characteristics of Mixed veld
Characteristics of Sourveld
To summarise
Pasture and grazing
How do pastures respond to grazing
Resistance of grass to grazing
Grazing ecology – Grazing by livestock
Optimal Grazing Practices
Calculating Carrying Capacity
Stocking rate
Principals of Veld management
Camps:
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 7: Water resources
Week 7: Lesson plan
Introduction
Factors that influence water supply in Agriculture
Natural sources of water
Where is earth's water?
Water Cycle
Rainfall
Collection of water
Artificial water resources
Water pollution
Subsoil water pollution
Surface water pollution
Water waste management
Add Conservation Buffers to Catch Runoff
Implement Nutrient Management Techniques
Control Livestock Access to Waterways
Minimize Tillage
Have a Manure Management Plan
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 8: Crop establishment, planting methods and Weeds
Week 8: Lesson plan
Introduction
Plant density
Using the right planting density is critical for optimum yield
Impact of low planting density
Impact of a high planting density
Using the right density
How to achieve the right planting density
Factors that determine plant spacing
Growth habit of the crop
Planting method
Amount of moisture / rainfall / water that is available
Level of fertility of the soil
Purpose for which the crop is grown
Type of machinery to be used
Life span of the crop
Plant spacing
Intra-row spacing and Inter-row spacing
Calculating plant density
Plant spacing and inter-planting
Advantages of high density
Disadvantages of high density
Plant depth
Factors that influence plant depth
Soil moisture content
Crop development
Soil conditions, planting method and equipment used to prepare the soil
Soil type – texture and structure
Seed size and plant variety (cultivar)
Soil temperature
Direct Seeding
Slot / Strip seeding
Point seeding
Broadcasting
Transplanting
Precautionary measures for transplanting seedlings
Types of Vegetative Propagation
Natural Vegetative Propagation
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Cuttings
Grafting
Budding
Layering
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of vegetative propagation
Disadvantages of vegetative propagation
Weeds
The economic impact of pests and diseases on the farmer
The economic effect of weeds on crops
Spreading of weeds
Weed control
Preventative Weed Control
Cultural Weed Control
Mechanical / Manual Weed Control
Biological Weed Control
Chemical Weed Control
Integrated weed management systems
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 9: Crop diseases and pests
Week 9: Lesson plan
Introduction
Diseases
Symptoms indicate presence of disease
Bacterial diseases in plants
Bacterial diseases in plants
Examples of bacterial plant diseases
Bacterial leaf spots
Control of bacterial leaf spots
Bacterial canker
Control of bacterial canker
General bacterial disease management
Fungal diseases in plants
Fungal diseases in plants
Examples of fungal plant diseases
Powdery mildew:
Control of powdery mildew
Botrytis blight
Control of Botrytis blights
Rust
Control of rust
General fungal disease management
Viral Diseases in Plants
Viral Diseases in Plants
Examples of viral plant diseases
General viral disease management
Pest and disease management
Integrated Pest and Disease Management
Principles of Integrated pest and disease management
Set Action Thresholds
Monitor and Identify Pests
Prevention
Control
Other methods of prevention
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 10: Crop cultivation and Record keeping
Week 10: Lesson plan
Introduction
Monoculture
Monoculture
Advantages
Disadvantages
Crop rotation
Crop rotation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Intercropping
Intercropping
Advantages
Disadvantages
Types of records:
Physical inventory records:
Production records
Financial records
Labour records
Methods of record-keeping
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 1: General overview and Requirements for Animal Productions
Week 1: Lesson plan
Introduction
General overview of animal production practices in South Africa
Economic importance of animal production in South Africa
Goods that drive animal production in South African (2020)
Other Animal Products
Wool
Mohair
Role and importance of animal production in South Africa
Food security
Nutrient cycling and waste management
Genetic diversity and conservation
Sustainable land use
Cultural and social significance
Research and innovation
Main production areas
Production factors in Livestock production
Soil
Water
Climate
Aspects to consider when starting an animal enterprise
Animal breed / type
Animal productivity
Suitability of the environment
Animal management, including feed
Exposure to disease
Types of veld
Natural pastures
Cultivated pastures
Management
Extensive livestock production
Semi-intensive livestock production
Intensive livestock production
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 2: Main production areas and Farming systems
Week 2: Lesson plan
Introduction
Main production areas in South Africa
Importance of sustainable animal production
Ecological suitability of different types of livestock
Rainfall and grazing capacity
Vegetation types
Soil Type and Topography
General suitability
Farming systems
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
Stud farming
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 3: General classification of farm animals
Week 3: Lesson plan
Introduction
Ruminants and non-ruminants
Classification of cattle
Bos indicus
Bos Taurus
Dairy, meat and dual-purpose breeds
Classification of sheep
Mutton, wool, dual-purpose and pelt breeds
Classification of goats
Meat, milk and fibre
Classification of pigs
Pork and bacon
Classification of chickens
Broiler and layer
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 4: Cattle breeds in South Africa
Week 4: Lesson plan
Introduction
Beef breeds
Beef farming
Bonsmara
Bonsmara
Adaptability
Mothering ability
Beef production
Temperament
Physical characteristics
Other notable traits:
Nguni
Nguni
Physical features
Adaptability and resilience
Temperament and productivity
Boran
Boran
Charolais
Charolais
Colour and appearance
Production traits
Other notable features
Santa Gertrudis
Santa Gertrudis
Colour and coat
Body and size
Reproduction and growth
Other notable traits
Brahman
Brahman
Beefmaster
Beefmaster
Genetic makeup and development
The six essentials
Other notable traits
Drakensberger
Drakensberger
Sussex
Sussex
Coat
Conformation
Temperament and management
Other notable characteristics
Angus
Angus
Physical characteristics
Production traits
Other notable traits
Hereford
Hereford
Colouration
Conformation
Temperament and adaptability
Other Characteristics
Tuli
Tuli
Physical characteristics
Adaptability and hardiness
Productivity and reproductive traits
Other notable traits
Limousin
Limousin
Afrikaner
Afrikaner
Appearance
Other key traits
Simbra
Simbra
Physical characteristics:
Productivity and adaptability
Wagyu
Wagyu
Exceptional marbling
Healthier fat composition
Superior flavour and tenderness
Other key traits
Dairy breeds
Dairy farming
Ayrshire
Ayrshire
Key characteristics
Friesian
Friesian
Detailed characteristics
Holstein
Holstein
Physical characteristics
Production characteristics
Other notable traits
Jersey
Jersey
Appearance
Milk production and quality
Temperament and management
Guernsey (pronounced guhn·zee)
Guernsey
Key characteristics
Brown Swiss
Brown Swiss
Key distinguishing characteristics
Dual-purpose breeds
Dual-purpose farming
Simmental
Simmental
Key distinguishing characteristics
Pinzgauer
Pinzgauer
Colour and markings
Size and build
Other distinctive traits
Red poll
Red poll
Colouration
Polled
Size and build
Temperament
Dual-purpose nature
Other notable characteristics
Shorthorn
Shorthorn
Appearance
Production traits
Temperament
Other
Braunvieh
Braunvieh
Coat and pigmentation
Conformation
Production traits
Other notable characteristics
Dexter
Dexter
Size and build
Appearance
Other notable characteristics
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 5: Sheep and goat breeds in South Africa
Week 5: Lesson plan
Introduction
Sheep farming
Sheep farming
Damara
Damara
Key distinguishing features
Dorper
Dorper
Hardiness and adaptability
Meat production
Low maintenance
Reproduction
Other notable characteristics
Meat merino (also known as SA Mutton Merino)
Meat merino
Conformation and physical traits
Production traits
Meat Quality
Other notable features
Meatmaster
Meatmaster
Physical characteristics
Production characteristics
Other notable traits
Dormer
Dormer
Physical characteristics
Reproductive characteristics
Other important characteristics
Persian
Persian
Coat
Tail
Other characteristics
Van Rooy
Van Rooy
Coat
Body
Other notable traits:
Suffolk
Suffolk
Key distinguishing features
Wool Merino
Wool Merino
Wool characteristics
Other notable characteristics
Dohne Merino
Dohne Merino
Wool Production
Meat Production
Reproduction and fertility
Hardiness and adaptability
Other notable characteristics
Dorset
Dorset
Key characteristics
Karakul
Karakul
Key distinguishing characteristics
“Ronde-rib Afrikaner”
“Ronde-rib Afrikaner”
Key distinguishing characteristics
Goat farming
Goat farming
Boer goat
Boer goat
Head and horns
Body and conformation
Other notable features:
Kalahari Red
Kalahari Red
Key distinguishing characteristics
Other characteristics
SA Skilder
SA Skilder
Appearance
Other notable characteristics
Angora
Angora
Fleece
Physical characteristics
Other notable traits
SA Veld goat
SA Veld goat
Adaptability and hardiness
Physical characteristics
Behavioural traits
Milk breeds
Milk breeds
West African Dwarf
West African Dwarf
Physical characteristics
Adaptability and temperament
Other notable traits
Saanen
Saanen
Physical appearance
Temperament and production
Other notable features
Toggenburg
Toggenburg
Colour and markings
Body structure
Other characteristics
Savanna
Savanna
Coat
Body
Other notable characteristics:
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 6: Pig breeds in South Africa
Week 6: Lesson plan
Introduction
Pig production in South Africa
Porker and baconer production
Large White
Large White
Key distinguishing features
Duroc
Duroc
Key distinguishing features
(South African) Landrace
(South African) Landrace
Key distinguishing features
Large Black
Large Black
Appearance
Temperament and behaviour
Other notable traits
Chester White
Chester White
Appearance
Other notable characteristics
“Kolbroek”
“Kolbroek”
Appearance
Temperament and behaviour
Origin and genetics
Other notable traits
Hampshire
Hampshire
Key characteristics
Tamworth
Tamworth
Key characteristics
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 7: Chicken breeds in South Africa
Week 7: Lesson plan
Introduction
Chicken production in South Africa
Egg production
Leghorn
Leghorn
Appearance
Temperament and behaviour
Productivity
Other notable traits
Lohmann
Lohmann
Specific characteristics
Hy-Line
Hy-Line Brown
Hy-Line Silver Brown
Overall Hy-Line Characteristics
Broilers breeds
Broilers breeds
Ross
Ross
Specific characteristics
Cobb
Cobb
Physical characteristics
Performance traits
Other important aspects
Dual purpose breeds
Benefits of dual-purpose chickens
Considerations for dual-purpose chicken production
Black Australorp
Black Australorp
Physical appearance
Temperament and behaviour
Other notable features
Plymouth Rock
Plymouth Rock
Feathering and colouration
Comb and head
Body
Temperament and behaviour
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Appearance
Production traits
Origin
Potchefstroom Koekoek
Potchefstroom Koekoek
Specific characteristics
Rhode Island Red
Rhode Island Red
Colouration
Other notable characteristics
Bantams
Bantams
Key characteristics
Silkies
Silkies
Plumage
Other distinctive features
Temperament
Other characteristics
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 1: Handling of animals
Week 1: Lesson plan
Introduction
Handling of farm animals
Effect of incorrect handling of farm animals
Principles of handling farm animals
Guidelines for handling livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, horses and poultry)
Understanding animal behaviour
Stress reduction
Safety for handlers
Routine and familiarity
Tools used to handle livestock
Restraint and handling
Weighing and transport
Other essential tools
Handling during farm activities
Feeding and watering
Health management
Breeding
Milking
Shearing and hoof trimming
Transport of animals
Transport of animals
Vehicles must comply with the following
Transporting cattle
Transporting sheep
Transporting goats
Transporting pigs
Transporting poultry
Transporting horses
Offloading
To summarise transportation of animals
Basic handling facilities
Crush Pens / Races
Loading Ramps
Holding Pens
Milking Parlors
Shearing Sheds
Isolation Pens
Agricultural exhibitions / expos / shows
Purpose and benefits
Types of events
Examples of agricultural exhibitions
Economic impact
Handling of livestock during exhibitions and shows
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 2: Care and Behaviour of animals
Week 2: Lesson plan
Introduction
Care of the Young
Nutrition
Shelter
Hydration
Healthcare
Bedding
Environmental control
Record keeping
Safety
Specific care requirements
Care and management of newly born calf / kids / lambs
Care of newly born piglet
Iron deficiency in – a big concern in piglets
Care of chicks
Importance and need for colostrum
Importance and need for colostrum
Specifics of colostrum management
Care and Management of productive animals
Care and management of pregnant cows
Care and management of pregnant ewe
Care and management of pregnant pigs
Care and management of lactating animals
Management of breeding bull / ram
Management of breeding boar
Behaviour of animals
Types of animal behaviour
Factors influencing livestock behaviour
Difference between male and female behaviour
Reproductive behaviour
Social behaviour
Other differences
Specific examples
Specific animal behaviour
Sexual behaviour
Maternal behaviour
Vocalisations
Importance of understanding communication
Social behaviour
Agonistic behaviour
Feeding behaviour
Shelter-seeking behaviour
Investigative behaviour
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 3: Housing facilities
Week 3: Lesson plan
Introduction
Housing of farm animals
Feeding and watering facilities
Intensive systems farming methods
Basic principles and requirements for farm animal housing
Space
Ventilation
Temperature control
Lighting
Hygiene
Flooring
Separation and isolation
Security
Behavioural considerations
Housing facilities are determined by the farming method
Extensive farming methods
Semi intensive farming methods
Reasons, advantages and disadvantages of animal housing
Reasons for housing in livestock production
Advantages of housing in livestock production
Disadvantages of housing in livestock production
Application
Questions
Answers
Removal of extra teats
Removal of extra teats
Week 4: Aftercare of animals
Week 4: Lesson plan
Introduction
Dehorning
Dehorning
Disbudding and dehorning: what is the difference?
Reasons for dehorning
Methods of dehorning (disbudding)
General considerations
General considerations
Removal of extra teats
Reasons for removing extra teats
Methods of removing extra teats
Castration
Castration
Reasons for castration
Methods of Castration
General considerations
Crutching
Reason for crutching
Method of crutching
Tail docking
Methods of tail docking
Controversy and welfare concerns
Alternatives and legislation
Reasons for clipping beaks
Clipping of beaks
Reasons for clipping beaks
Methods of clipping beaks
Controversy and alternatives
Trimming, cutting and filing of hooves
Reasons for hoof trimming
Method of hoof trimming
General considerations
Application
Questions
Answers
Introduction
Week 5: Animal identification
Week 5: Lesson plan
Introduction
Temporary methods
Ear tagging
Permanent methods
Ear notching
Ear tattooing
Hot branding
Freeze branding
Electrical methods
Biometric methods
Visual patterns
Muzzle prints
Iris patterns
Face image
Retinal vascular patterns
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 6: Basic concepts of feeding
Week 6: Lesson plan
Introduction
Terminology
Rations vs natural grazing
The essential components of animal feed
The essential components of animal feed
Water
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats and oils
Minerals
Vitamins
Types of feed
Types of feed
Nutritional needs of animals
Nutritional needs of animals
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 7: Disease identification, types and methods of control
Week 7: Lesson plan
Introduction
Disease identification
Disease identification
Clinical observations
Diagnostic tools
Prevention and control measures
Types of diseases
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases
Parasitic diseases
Metabolic and nutritional diseases
Other important diseases
Biosecurity
Biosecurity
Medication in livestock production
Types of Medications
Reasons for medication use
Risks and concerns
Responsible use and best practices
Administering medicine
Methods and routes of administration
Topical administration
Oral administration
Parenteral administration
Intramuscular (IM) injection
Subcutaneous (SC) injection
Intravenous (IV) injection
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 8: Parasites
Week 8: Lesson Plan
Introduction
Economic significance of parasites
Types of parasites
Internal Parasites (endoparasites)
External Parasites (ectoparasites)
Controlling parasites
Controlling parasites
Control of internal parasites (endoparasites)
Control of external parasites
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 9: Keeping records
Week 9: Lesson plan
Introduction
Benefits of record-keeping
Key types of records
Production records
Feeding records
Production records
Feeding records
Health records
Financial records
Breeding records
Physical records
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 10: Management programs and Relevant legislation
Week 10: Lesson plan
Introduction
Four Management goals
The five core managerial functions
Planning (setting the course)
Organising (structuring the effort)
Leading (motivating and guiding)
Coordination (working as a team)
Control and evaluation (checking and adjusting)
Key Principles in Practice
Key Principles in Practice
Awareness of relevant legislation
Meat safety and health
Land use and sustainability
Ownership, tracking, and crime prevention
Breeding and productivity
Welfare and Environmental Responsibility
Additional Relevant Acts
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 1: Management principles
Week 1: Lesson plan
Introduction
Definition of management
Definition of management
Reason and benefits of management
Areas of management
Production management
Financial management
Marketing management
Human Resource (HR) management
Risk management
Strategic Management
Planning as a principle of management
Planning as a principle of management
The six pillars of effective planning
Applying the planning principle in practice
The benefits of effective planning
Control as a principle of management
Control as a principle of management
Applying the control principle in practice
The benefits of effective control
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 2: Management Principles (continued)
Week 2: Lesson plan
Introduction
Coordination as a principle of management
Coordination as a principle of management
Applying the coordination principle in practice
The benefits of effective coordination
Motivation as a principle of management
Intrinsic motivation: the inner drive
Extrinsic motivation: the external rewards
How intrinsic and extrinsic factors work together
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 3: Management Principles (continued)
Week 3: Lesson plan
Introduction
Communication as a principle of management
Communication as a principle of management
Types of communication (written and verbal)
Written communication
Verbal Communication
The communication process
Steps of the communication process
Factors that affect the clarity of a message
Reason and benefits of communication
Barriers impacting the effectiveness of communication
Psychological and emotional barriers
Physical and environmental barriers
Language and cultural barriers
Organisational and systemic barriers
Individual skill and behavioural barriers
Overcoming communication barriers
Importance of non-verbal communication
Importance of non-verbal communication
Good listening skills contributes to effective communication
Good listening skills contributes to effective communication
Effective transfer of communication
Tone
Volume
Pitch
Repetition
Significance of accommodating cultural sensitivities
How to accommodate cultural sensitivities
Benefits of cultural sensitivity on the farm
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 4: Natural resource management
Week 4: Lesson plan
Introduction
Primary components of Natural resource management
Soil management: The foundational resource
Water management: Efficiency and conservation
Biodiversity management: Ecosystem services
Integrated systems: Holistic landscape design
Economic and social integration: Viability and livelihoods
Different types of natural resources
Classification by availability over time (stock)
Classification by origin
Climate management
Use climate-resilient crops
Improve water management
Enhance soil health
Diversify landscapes
Utilise forecasting
Effect of climate on agriculture
Effect of climate on agriculture
The positive and negative effects of climatic factors
Temperature
Precipitation
Solar radiation (sunlight)
Wind
Humidity
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 5: Soil potential and management
Week 5: Lesson plan
Introduction
The importance of soil
The function of soil in crop production
The function of soil in livestock production
The necessity of soil conservation
Protecting the financial investment
Guarding against erosion and soil degradation
Securing the legacy
Soil improvement strategy
Soil improvement strategy
Understanding soil structure
Understanding soil structure
Managing wet and dry extremes more efficiently
Beneficial to roots, microbes and aggregate formation
Protection, stability, and future profit
Methods to improve soil structure
Increase the "glue" by adding organic material
Protect the habitat by minimising disruption
Biology is advantageous
The role of organic content in soil improvement
The role of organic content in soil improvement
Conservation practices
Conservation practices
Rotational cropping as a conservation practice
Erosion prevention
Application
Questions
Answers
Week 6: Waste management - Different types of waste
Week 6: Lesson plan
Introduction
Major categories and examples
Crop residues
Benefits of using of crop residues as part of sustainable management
Livestock waste (manure and slurry)
Potential problems of unmanaged livestock waste
Benefits of using of livestock waste as part of sustainable management
Agro-industrial by-products
Agro-industrial by-products
Benefits of using of agro-industrial by-products as part of sustainable management
Inorganic and hazardous waste
Inorganic and hazardous waste
Sustainable management and disposal
Impact
Environmental and health impacts
Strategies
Strategies for waste management and value creation
Legal
Legal framework and best practices
Application
Questions
Answers
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Agricultural Management Practices Grade 10
Skill Level
:
Beginner
